How to Safely Feed Your Horse in an Emergency Situation
Feeding a horse during an emergency when you can't make a gradual transition between feeds can be tricky, but it can be done safely. If you're in a situation where you don’t have access to your horse’s regular feed, here’s what you can do:
Prioritize Forage First
Forage should always be the primary component of a horse’s diet. If you don’t have access to your horse’s usual hay, you can substitute with any of the following:
Grass hay (such as timothy, orchard, or brome): Most horses can transition to a different type of grass hay without significant issues.
Hay cubes or pellets: These are easy to find and can be soaked for horses with dental issues or if you want to reduce the risk of choke. Pellets have a lower choke risk than cubes.
Chopped forage: Another good option, often available in bags, and can replace long-stem hay.
Beet pulp: A fiber-rich option that can be used to supplement forage. Always soak it well before feeding. Some horses get bloated on beet pulp so go slowly and start with 1-2 pounds a feeding.
Forage changes are generally safer than concentrate or grain changes, but monitor your horse for any signs of digestive upset.
Introduce New Feeds Gradually, if Possible
If you absolutely have to switch the concentrate (grain or commercial feed) and don’t have time for the typical transition:
Start with smaller amounts: Introduce the new feed in very small quantities (a quarter of their normal portion) and slowly increase as your horse adjusts.
Use more frequent, smaller meals: If you have to make a quick switch, giving smaller amounts several times throughout the day can reduce the risk of digestive upset. Aim for at least 4 hours between meals if possible.
Watch for Signs of Digestive Upset
After any feed change, especially one that’s done abruptly, closely monitor your horse for signs of discomfort. Look for:
Reduced appetite
Lethargy
Excessive lying down
Lack of manure production or changes in consistency
Colic symptoms (pawing, rolling, looking at sides)
Hydration is Critical
Make sure your horse has constant access to clean, fresh water, as dehydration can worsen any digestive issues that might arise from a sudden dietary change. Feed 2 TB salt minimum to provide sodium and chloride as well as encourage hydration. Soaking pellets is another way to help your horse stay hydrated.
Emergency Feed Substitutes
Here are some emergency feed options if your regular feed is unavailable:
Hay cubes or pellets
Beet pulp
Chopped hay
Complete feeds (hay built in)
Rice bran
Conclusion
While gradual transitions are always the best for a horse’s digestive system, emergencies happen. In those cases, focusing on forage, using safe alternatives, and introducing small amounts of new feed carefully can help reduce the risk of digestive upset. Keep a close eye on your horse during the transition and consult your vet if you notice any problems.
If you'd like more personalized advice or are facing a unique feeding challenge, feel free to reach out for a virtual consultation
Annie Emery, MS CRC CESMT CENA
Copyright Revolution Equine Nutrition, LLC